[ندعوك للتسجيل في المنتدى أو التعريف بنفسك لمعاينة هذه الصورة] |
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case 1:
case 21:
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29 ????? 2010
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?????? |
??????? ???? ???? ???? ??????
??????? ?????? ????????? ???????? ??????? ???? ???? ????????
?????? ?? ??????.
* ????????
?????? ?????? ???????? ????? ?? ????? ??????? ??????:
1- ?????? ????? ??????? ????????.
2- ??????? ?????? ???? ??? ????? ?????.
3- ?????.
4- ?????.
* ???? ??????? ??? ?????? ????
??????? ????:
1- ???????? ??????:
1- ???????.
2- ???.
3- ???????.
4- ?????.
5- ?????.
2- ???????? ??????:
1- ??????.
2- ?????.
3- ?????.
4- ??????.
???? ?? ????? ??? ??? ???? ???????? ??????. ????? ???
?????
?????????? ??????? ??????? ???????? ??? ????? ???????? ???????.
?? ?? ????? ?? ????????? ??? ???????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?????
????? ?????? ??????? ????? ????? ???????? ??? ???? ?? ?????
?????? ??????? ?????? ?? ??? ????? ????? ????.
• ?????: ???? ?? ???????? ??? ?????? ??????
??????
??????? ??? ?????? ?????? ???? ????. ?????????? ??????? ?????
???? ????? ???? ????? ??????? ?????? ???? ?????? ????? ?????? ??
???? ??????? ??? ???? ????? ????? ????? ???? ??????? ?????? ??
????? ?????? (????? ??? ??? ?????) ?? ??? ??????? ??? ????? ??
?? ????? ??? ????. ?????? ????? ????? ?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????
?? ????? ???? ?? ????? ????.
• ??????: ???? ????? ?? ?????? ???? ???? ????????
???
???? ?? ???? ??? ???? ????? ?????? ????????.
• ??????: ???? ????? ????? ??????? ??? ???? ?????
????
?????? ??????? ????? ?????.
• ??????: ????? ????? ????? ??? ???? ????? ??????
90 ???.
• ???????: ?????? ???? ??? ???? ??????? ???????
????
????? ????? ???? ????. ????? ????? ????? ??? ????? ???????
??????????? ????????.
• ???: ????? ?? ??? ????? ???? ??? ????? ?????
????? ????
????? ???? ???? ???? ???? ????? .
• ???????: ????? ????? ?????.
• ?????: ?? ?????? ??????? ??? ??? ??????
???????????
???? ??? ???? ???? ?????? ????? ???? ????? ?????.
• ?????: ???? ?????? ??? ??? ????? ???? ?? ?????.
* ????????? ??????? (Biosphere):
?? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????? ???? ????? ???? ?????
???? ???? ??? ???? ?? ???? ???? ??? ?? ?????? ??????? ?? ????
????? ??????.
1- ??????? ?????? Lithosphere:
???????? ?????? ??????? ??????? ?? ??????? ?????
????? ???
?????? ??????? ???????.
2- ??????? ?????? Hydrosphere:
???? ???????? ??????? ??????? ?? ?????? ??????? ??????
????
??????? ?? ???? ???? ???? ????? ??????? ????????? ???? ???????
??????.
3- ??????? ????? Atmosphere:
????? ?? ????:
1- ???? = Atmo
2- ??? = Sphere
?? ?????? ?????? ?? ?????? ????? ???? ???? ??? ??? ????
???? ???
?????? ??? ???? ??????? ???????? ???? ?????? ??? ??? ?????
??????? ?? ???????? ??????????? ????? ????? ???????.
?????? ??????
- ????? ?????? ????? ?? ??????? ???????? ???????
????? |
????? |
????? |
????? |
???????? |
N2 |
78% |
75.5% |
?????? |
O2 |
20.9% |
23.15% |
????? |
|
0.934% |
1.28% |
???? ????? ??????? |
CO2 |
0.033% |
0.046% |
????? ?????? ?????
- ???? ?????? ????? ??? ???? ?????????? ????????:
1- ??????? ?????? Tropopause/Troposphere - 80% ?? ??????
-
??????? 16 ???? ?? ??? ?????.
2- ??????? ?????? Stratopause/Stratosphere - ???? ??
??????? -
??? ??? 50 ???? ?? ??????? ??????.
??????
?? ????
??????? ..
3- ??????? ?????? Mesopause/Mesosphere - ??? ??? 85 ????
??
??????? ??????.
4- ??????? ??????? Thermosphere - ??? ??? 450 ???? ??
???????
??????.
5- ?????? ??????? Exosphere - ??? ??? ?? 450 – 900 ????.
6- ?????? ??? ??????? Magnetosphere - ??? ??? 900 ????
??????
????.
- ??????? ????:
- ???? ????? ????? ??????? ???????:
• ??? ??????? Infra - ????? ???? ???? ?????? ????
?????.
• ????? Red.
• ???????? Orange.
• ????? Yellow.
• ????? Green.
• ????? Blue.
• ????? Indigo.
• ??????? (??? ?????????) Violet/ Ultra-Violet - ?????
???? ????
?????? ????? ..
?????? ?? ?????? ??? ?????????
- ????? ???? ??????? ??????? ?????? ?? ????????
??????
??????????:
???? ????? - ROYGBIV
* ?????? Smog:
- ????? ?? ??????:
1- ???? Fog.
2- ???? Smoke.
??? ?????? ????? ??????? ??????? ????????.
???????
???????? ?????? ????? ???? |
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الفضاء
من طرف م:أحمد الشايب الثلاثاء يونيو 29, 2010 6:27 am
